Spanish Education System – Study in Spain

If you are a parent moving to Spain and you are worried about the level of education your children will have, or on the contrary, you are a student who wants to immerse yourself in a new academic adventure, you are in the right article where we will tell you the educational system of Spain and how it works.

The Spanish education system stands out for its rich blend of tradition and innovation, offering students a unique learning environment that is both intellectually stimulating and culturally enriching.

Spain not only boasts high quality educational standards, but also offers a unique lifestyle. From early childhood education to higher levels, Spain offers a diverse, supportive and dynamic environment that encourages students to grow academically, personally and socially. 

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Types of Schools

1. Public School

Public schools in Spain are government-funded and provide free education to all students from preschool through to secondary education. They are the most common of educational institution in Spain, following the curriculum set by the Spanish Ministry of Education.

Instruction is mainly in Spanish, but regions like Catalonia or the Basque Country also teach in their official languages.

2. Private Schools

Private schools in Spain operate independently of government funding and thus charge tuition fees. These institutions often offer international curriculums like IB, British A-levels, or American systems for globally-minded or international families. Private schools offer smaller classes, more extracurricular activities, and often provide more personalised educational support.

The language of instruction can vary, with many schools offering bilingual or even multilingual programs.

3. State-Funded Private Schools (“Concertados”)

State-funded private schools, or “concertados,” represent a hybrid model between public and private education. They receive government funding but also charge reduced tuition fees. This setup offers private school benefits like smaller classes and additional resources, at a lower cost.

While they follow the national curriculum, concertados often provide a religious or pedagogical approach not typically found in public schools. The majority of these schools are Catholic, reflecting Spain’s historical religious traditions, though secular options are also available.

Structure of the Spanish Education System

Spanish Preschool

Educación Infantil caters to children aged 0 to 6 years and is divided into two cycles: the first for youngsters up to 3 years old and the second for those from 3 to 6 years of age.

This stage of education, while not compulsory, is key for developing early social skills, motor abilities, and cognitive functions. Through play-based learning and activities tailored to their developmental stages, children enhance their linguistic abilities, creativity, and emotional intelligence.

The curriculum prepares children academically, socially and emotionally for their future schooling. Many centers are linked to primary schools, facilitating a smoother transition for children as they progress in their education.

Spanish Primary School

Primary School, or “Educación Primaria”, in Spain serves as the foundational stage of formal education for children aged between 6 and 12 years.

This phase is compulsory for all children and aims to provide them with a broad, balanced education across various areas of knowledge.

In these six years, students study Spanish, Literature, Mathematics, Natural and Social Sciences, Foreign Languages, Physical Education, Arts, and Music.  Teachers use diverse methods to suit various learning styles and help each student reach their full potential.

By the end of Primary school, students are expected to master basic literacy, numeracy, and understand the world around them.

Spanish Middle School

Compulsory secondary education in Spain, known as Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), is a critical phase for students aged between 12 and 16.

This stage builds on primary education, enhancing students’ academic and personal skills over a four-year period. Throughout this years, students study advanced Spanish, Literature, Mathematics, two Foreign Languages, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, History, and Physical Education.

ESO equips students with broad skills, preparing them for Bachillerato, vocational training, or entering the job market.  

Upon completion, students receive a Graduate of Secondary Education Certificate, which is necessary for progressing to higher stages of education or vocational training.

Spanish High School “Spanish Baccalaureate”

Following the completion of compulsory secondary education (ESO), students in Spain can choose between pursuing  Baccalaureate “Bachillerato”, a form of non-compulsory education, or vocational training (Formación Profesional).

Bachillerato typically spans two years and is designed for students aiming to attend university. It offers specialized tracks in Arts, Sciences, Humanities, and Social Sciences, providing students with a deep and focused study that prepares them for higher education entrance examinations. 

On the other hand, vocational training provides practical skills for industries like Healthcare, Engineering to IT and Hospitality. This path includes basic training after ESO, and higher training after completing Bachillerato.

Vocational training combines classroom learning with hands-on experience with internships preparing students for work or further specialized studies.

University Education

The Spanish educational university system is comprised of a structured approach to higher education, delineated into undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral studies. 

Undergraduate studies (Grado) last four years, offering foundational knowledge and skills in a chosen field. Upon successful completion, students earn a “Grado” degree.

Postgraduate studies in Spain include master’s programs, usually lasting two years, depending on the field of study. These programs are aimed at enhancing specialized knowledge. A “Máster” degree significantly enhances employability and is often a prerequisite for doctoral studies.

Doctoral studies represent the pinnacle of academic achievement in the Spanish educational system. Doctorate studies involve original research and end with a publicly defended thesis contributing to the chosen field.

Language Requirements for International Students

For international students interested in studying in Spain, mastery of the Spanish language is often a prerequisite, particularly for undergraduate programs.

Most universities require a proficiency level equivalent to the DELE B2 or C1, depending on the institution and the level of study. However, a growing number of programs, especially at the postgraduate level, are offered in English to attract a wider global audience. 

The common admission process for international students typically involves submission of their educational qualifications, language proficiency proof, passport details, and sometimes, a statement of purpose or letters of recommendation. Additionally, students from non-EU countries need to apply for a student visa, which requires proof of admission from the Spanish university, evidence of financial means, and a medical certificate in some cases.